Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Technology
مجلة الهندسة الكهربائية والإلكترونية وتقنية المعلومات هي مجلة علمية محكَّمة تُعنى بنشر البحوث عالية الجودة والتطورات والابتكارات في مجالات الهندسة الكهربائية والإلكترونيات وتقنية المعلومات. وتُعدّ المجلة منصة متعددة التخصصات تتيح للباحثين والأكاديميين والمتخصصين في القطاع الصناعي عرض النظريات، والنتائج التجريبية، والتطبيقات العملية التي تسهم في تطوير الأنظمة الهندسية الحديثة. تغطي المجلة نطاقًا واسعًا من الموضوعات، بما في ذلك – على سبيل المثال لا الحصر – أنظمة القدرة الكهربائية، والتحكم والأتمتة، ومعالجة الإشارات والصور، وأنظمة الاتصالات، والأنظمة المدمجة، وتقنيات الطاقة المتجددة، والذكاء الاصطناعي، وتحليل البيانات، وهندسة البرمجيات. ويُولى اهتمام خاص للبحوث التي تدمج التقنيات الناشئة مع التحديات الهندسية الواقعية. ومن خلال تعزيز المنهجية العلمية الرصينة وتشجيع الحلول الابتكارية، تهدف المجلة إلى تقليص الفجوة بين النظرية والتطبيق. كما تدعم نشر البحوث الأصيلة، والمقالات المرجعية، والتقارير التقنية التي تسهم في تعزيز تبادل المعرفة ودفع عجلة التقدم التقني في تخصصات الهندسة الكهربائية والإلكترونية وتقنية المعلومات.
College of Electronic Technology, Bani Walid, Libya
Comparative Evaluation of Control Techniques for a Ball and Beam System Using LabVIEW
This paper presents a comparative study of different control strategies applied to the Ball and Beam system which is inherently nonlinear and open-loop unstable and the system was mathematically modeled and linearized to derive its transfer function and four controllers were designed and evaluated namely a PID controller using the Ziegler–Nichols method a PID controller using the Tyreus–Luyben method an Internal Model Control-based PID controller and a Fuzzy Logic Controller and all controllers were implemented and simulated in LabVIEW to ensure consistent and reliable performance evaluation and they were compared using time-domain performance indicators including rise time settling time overshoot and steady-state error and simulation results showed that conventional PID controllers could stabilize the system but exhibited high overshoot and long settling times with the Tyreus–Luyben PID outperforming the Ziegler–Nichols PID in response speed and overall performance while the IMC-PID controller achieved zero overshoot and rapid settling and the Fuzzy Logic Controller provided smooth and stable response without requiring an accurate mathematical model.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Design and Development of a Multi-Authentication Smart Door Lock System
This project presents the design and implementation of a smart electronic door lock system based on the Arduino Mega microcontroller. The proposed system enhances security by integrating multiple authentication methods, including fingerprint recognition, RFID card identification, facial recognition, and password verification, providing users with flexible and reliable access control. The integration of several security techniques significantly improves system reliability, minimizes unauthorized access, and provides greater flexibility than conventional mechanical locking systems. This project demonstrates the practical application of embedded systems and smart technologies in access control and home security. The proposed design offers a low-cost, scalable, and user-friendly solution that can be further enhanced through integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, mobile applications, and cloud-based monitoring systems for future smart home and smart building applications.
Modelling, control and simulation for a Two-Wheeled Balancing Mobile Robot System
Two-Wheeled Balancing Mobile Robots (TWBMRs) are inherently unstable systems that require an efficient control strategy to maintain balance and ensure satisfactory dynamic performance. This paper presents the optimization of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for a TWBMR system. The mathematical model of the robot is derived based on the inverted pendulum concept, and the optimized PID controller is implemented and evaluated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The PSO algorithm is employed to determine the optimal PID gains by minimizing the Integral of Squared Error (ISE) performance index. The performance of the proposed PSO-PID controller is compared with the conventional Ziegler-Nichols tuning method using transient response characteristics and performance indices. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed PSO-PID controller significantly improves the system performance, achieving a rise time of 0.0196 s, a settling time of 0.0637 s, a maximum overshoot of 9.83%, and zero steady-state error. Furthermore, the optimized controller achieves lower performance indices, with IAE = 0.0258, ISE = 0.005079, and ITAE = 0.03032, confirming superior tracking accuracy, faster transient response, and enhanced control performance compared with the conventional tuning approach. In addition, robustness analysis under ±25% system parameter variations demonstrate that the proposed controller maintains stable and satisfactory performance, highlighting its effectiveness and reliability for two-wheeled balancing mobile robot applications.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2022 Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Data explosion of Blockchain-Based Tracking and Tracing Systems: A Review
Blockchain technology enables secure and transparent information exchange within decentralized environments. Its distributed architecture and continuous protocol improvements help streamline validation processes while supporting network scalability. In blockchain systems, transaction verification relies on digital information units recorded across distributed ledgers. However, this design inherently leads to growing data accumulation over time, as historical transactions must be preserved permanently. This data growth creates significant challenges for storage-dependent applications, particularly tracking and tracing systems, where real-time location monitoring and product authentication generate massive datasets. The resulting storage costs also affect other blockchain-enabled services, including video recognition and artificial intelligence applications, which often underperform when deployed on conventional hardware within tracking environments. This review paper examines blockchain's operational framework, exploring its fundamental concepts, classification schemes, underlying principles, and practical implementations in tracking and tracing contexts. The primary focus is addressing data proliferation issues within blockchain networks, specifically as they relate to tracking and tracing systems. Additionally, this study provides a thorough analysis of existing research contributions in this domain.
Machine learning approach to address sarcopenia on skeletal muscle tissue
Body weight loss (BWL) or skeletal muscle atrophy (SMA) are normal and common in elderly individuals. The satellite cells are located in the space between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma; often these cells are quiescent. There have been several attempts conducted using machine learning methods to uncover the significant age- related genes. However, these investigations have not described the impact of age on skeletal muscle mass in human. Microarray datasets involve tens of thousands of genes, but just a few genes could lead to uncover the relationship between age and muscle atrophy. The main goal of this paper is to identify age-related genes with high accuracy, the final subset of selected genes was based on Multi-filter single wrapper system (MFSWS). Microarray expression profiles, downloaded from GEO database: GSE1428 was chosen to screen the differentially expressed genes of arm tissue and to compare three age groups of both males and females. Results revealed that our approach is able to identify a subset of genes with high performance of accuracy compared to the existed system (Liu et al, 2013) [27] and MFS (2016) [28].
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2020 Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Some Inclusion Relationships of Certain Subclasses of Analytic Functions Defined by Komatu Integral Operator
The authors introduce several new subclasses of analytic functions. In this paper, we recall some notations and standard definitions of analytic functions in the open unit disc. We state the definition of the Hadamard product (or convolution).We introduce and study some new subclasses of analytic functions, starlike function, convex function, close-to-convex function and quasi-convex function. We introduce and investigate some new subclasses of uniformly starlike. uniformly convex univalent functions. Also, in this paper we state the definition of Komatu integral operator and discuss the use of integral operator. After that, we explain what a new subclass of uniformly convex functions and new subclass of uniformly starlike functions are. Finally, we state the definitions and lemmas concerning the subordinations we need in our discussion. In this paper, we establish Inclusion Relationships for uniformly certain classes of analytic functions, associated with the aforementioned integral operator.
Emitting Devices Identification Based on Variational Mode Decomposition of Captured Bluetooth Signals
Recently, the use of communication systems is increased therefore the security networks has become more important. Radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) is one of the communication networks security techniques based on identification of the unique features of the RF transient signals. Transient signal detection is a very important part in the classification system. If a transient signal is not detected precisely, then the features extracted from the received signal will not show the correct unique features of the transmitting devices. For this purpose, variational mode decomposition is applied to the recorded Bluetooth (BT) signal before the transient detection process. In this paper, VMD is applied before transient detection as denoysing method in RF fingerprinting of Bluetooth device identification to increase the accuracy of transient detection and the classification rate. The method has three stages: Firstly, VMD is used to decompose the recorded BT signal into a series of band- limited modes. Then, the selected modes are added to reconstruct the original BT signal. Secondly, transient detection and different statistical features are extracted from the transients such as variance, kurtosis and skewness. Finally, a linear support vector machine (LSVM) classifier is used to identify 20 mobile phones under different SNR ranges. 20 mobile phones with 150 transients each were tested in this work. Results show that the proposed VMD identification method based on the decomposition of recorded signal outperforms the existing VMD method based on decomposition of transient signal for different ranges of SNR.
Comparison Of An Artificial Neural Network Controller And PID Controller In On Line Of Real Time Industrial Temperature Process Control System
The conventional PID (proportional-integral- derivative) controller is widely applied in industrial automation and process control because of its simple structure and robustness. However, it does not work well for nonlinear system, time-delayed linear system and time varying system. This paper provides a new approach of PID controller that is based on an artificial neural network and an evolutionary algorithm. An Artificial Neural Network is an effective tool for a highly nonlinear system. Neuro control algorithms are mostly implemented for the application of robotic systems and some development has occurred in process control systems. Process control systems are often nonlinear and difficult to control accurately. Their dynamic models are more difficult to derive than those used in aerospace or robotic control, and they tend to change in an unpredictable manner. This paper gives an example where a multilayered feed forward back propagation neural network is trained offline to perform as a controller for a temperature control system with no priori knowledge regarding its dynamics. The inverse dynamics model is developed by applying a variety of input vectors to the neural network. The performance of neural network based on these input vectors is observed by configuring it directly to control the process. The performance the ANN is compared to the PID controller based on set point change, effect of load disturbances and processes with variable dead time. The result shows that ANN outperforms the PID controller.
Developing Measurement System for Sea Waves Height
The study of underwater acoustic channels is important for applications such as telemetry between underwater vehicles. There are fundamental limitations associated with underwater communication channels in common with other communications media (i.e, spreading noise, Doppler shift of 1%, signal fading and multipath propagation). These limitations, multipath propagation caused by reflections from the sea surface and sea floor is particularly extreme. An important consideration when dealing with the multipath reflections is the movement of the sea surface, as this can affect the way in which acoustic signals travel. It is therefore necessary to have a good record of the surface conditions during experiments using acoustic communications. There are various methods and transducers that can be used to measure the surface variation. The developed system described in this paper (stepped-contact staff and a MATLAB simulation) is capable of measuring small and high frequency surface waves to a high degree of accuracy. It can operate in water with high impedance (up to 700kΩ per 5) and consists of a simple design. A DC Whetstone Bridge was used to modulate the sea surface movement, a voltage follower operational amplifier was used due to the high impedance of the output of the bridge and a TC500EV A/D converter was used with a micro-controller interfaced to a PC using its RS232 serial port. A MATLAB program simulated and plotted the variation of the depth of the wave staff in centimetres.
North Sea Reservoir Characterisation by Using Flow Units Technique: A Case Study
An effective and sufficient description and characterisation of the reservoir are ultimately essential to successful reservoir engineering management. The integration of sufficient core analysis data is the primary target of reservoir description to permit identification of zones (Flow Units) with similar fluid-flow characteristics. The identification of flow units is the aim of integrated core analysis programme. The flow units technique is a method of characterising a reservoir and the route to flow unit and reservoir description is dependent on the core data available. This paper presents a practical application of the flow units technique to a classic North Sea reservoir using a statistical analysis for the flow zone indicator (FZI) to differentiate flow units. All laboratory work was conducted using 1 inch cores. Core analysis porosity-permeability data from 410 core lugs was used to work out the porosity-permeability relationship using the flow units technique. After flow unit characterisation, six flow unit groups have been selected, and sample of each individual flow unit were selected for mercury injection analysis using injection pressure up to 50000 psi. Finally, the pore size distribution and mean flow radius were calculated. In this paper, the application of this technique is discussed to examine how a better reservoir description can be achieved for a specific reservoir. This article describes a new attempt to apply this technique to a North Sea reservoir. The technique is more complex than either the depositional or layer model, but is also the most realistic because it takes account of the wide variety of geological and petrophysical characteristics present. The properties used to derive flow units in this reservoir were the core porosity-permeability and permeability measurements for small, medium and large pore- throat radii. The general porosity-permeability cross plot shows a large scatter, indicating poor overall correlation between porosity and permeability. However, by using flow unit technique, a reasonable relationship between porosity and permeability can be shown to exist for each individual flow unit. The flow unit technique provides a comprehensive reservoir description. Six flow units are defined; three of these exhibit good-to-excellent reservoir quality, one is good reservoir quality and two are poor reservoir quality. It can be said that this technique has been applied successfully to this particular case.
Design and Simulation of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays Operating at Ku-band for Satellite Communication Applications
Conventional microstrip patch antenna’s has a small size, but it has low gain, therefore, it not convenient for long distance communication. For conventional applications that require high gain mostly depends on parabolic antennas and arrays antennas. The objective of this paper is to design, and simulation rectangular microstrip patch array antenna to improve the gain for satellite applications working at the operating frequency in Ku_band frequency range from 12 GHz to 18 GHz. Therefore, an analysis of the performance of a single and four planar array antennas are designed at resonant frequency 12GHz using high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulation tools. In our simulations, RT/duirod is used as dielectric material with low relative permittivity of 2.2 and loss tangent 0.0009. Moreover, in order to improve the gain of the proposed antenna, four-element (4x1) array antenna is exploited. The simulation results confirm that the return loss is - 21.30dB, VSWR is 1.18, gain is 12.79dB, directivity is 12.89dBi, Bandwidth is 830 MHz (7.1%) at 12 GHz, efficiency 99% and beamwidth at 3dB is 32 at 0 °. As a result, these results can be used in Ku-band for satellite communication applications.
Fixed Backoff Contention Window (FBCW) for CSMA-CA in Ad-Hoc Underwater Acoustic Networks
Ad-Hoc underwater acoustic networks have become very important in the field of defense industry, rescue operations and etc. But this technique faces some big challenges such as high end to end delay, bandwidth limitation and battery consumptions. The performance of the backoff contention window is the main factor for CSMA-CA that determines the efficiency in sharing and utilizing the limited bandwidth and power consumption in Ad-Hoc underwater acoustic networks. In this paper , practicable distributed backoff contention algorithm, which is named Fixed Backoff Contention Window (FBCW) for CSMA-CA in Ad-Hoc underwater acoustic networks. The FBCW for CSMA-CA is presented in Ad-Hoc underwater acoustic networks. Simulation results show that the proposed technique gives remarkable improvement in terms of average end to end delay, throughput and power consumption.
Antenna Design and Simulation for 2x2 MIMO System for IEEE-802.11a Application
The performance and advantages of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas such as offering significant increase in data throughput and link range without additional bandwidth or increased transmitted power. Primary reason to use multiple antennas is to improve link quality and reliability. This is important especially for worst channel conditions like multipath fading, shadowing, etc. MIMO techniques are the most important advancements in recent wireless systems. They are a critical part of important standards such as IEEE 802.16, 802.11 and 4G LTE Technologies. The MIMO technology has attracted attention in wireless communications. In this paper, a compact (2x2) MIMO antenna system, the reduction of mutual coupling between the two antenna elements is achieved by using a simple defected ground structure (DGS) between them to limit the surface waves between them. The distance between the two antenna elements is only 0.3?? mm. The proposed antenna works at 5.8 GHz for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The proposed structure has a rectangular shape using FR-4 substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4. The resulted MIMO antenna is found to have a low mutual coupling of about -20.66 dB. The antenna also has a wide relative bandwidth of 18.75%, high total efficiency of 89.5% and acceptable realized gain of about 5.10 dB. The simulation of the proposed antenna has been carried out using Ansoft HFSS and MATLAB software.
Performance Evaluation of a Communication Network for Digital Substation Automation System
Communications Network and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are important functions of a substation automation system (SAS). Measuring the propagation delays and assessing the interoperability performance of IED's in an Ethernet architecture play a critical role in the operation of substation. This paper studies the application of Ethernet in Digital Substation Automation System (DSAS). Then several causes that greatly affect the performance of network are evaluated based on detailed test data. The results of such analysis proposed the key points of promoting a network in digital substation automation system.
Performance Analysis of SIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications Based on MRC Technique over AWGN and Frequency Selective Channels
The analysis of bit error rate (BER) performance of single input multiple output (SIMO) combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless communication system exploiting maximum ratio combining (MRC) technique over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and frequency selective channels are studied. SIMO system can be implemented by exploiting maximum ratio combiner (MRC) at the receiver side. MRC provides full spatial receive diversity gain which improves system quality of service (QoS) and as a result combatting a fading due to multipath propagation. Moreover, OFDM offers significant advantages such as bandwidth efficiency and its robustness against multipath delay spread. The level of robustness against the multipath delay spread can be further increased by selecting the length of the cyclic prefix (CP) more than or equal to channel length (CL) (number of multipaths). Adding CP eliminates or minimizes inter-symbol-interference (ISI). In contrast, when CL greater than CP leads to error floor at high SNR. This paper presents simulation BER performance of the combination of SIMO with OFDM systems. The simulation BER performance of conventional single input single-output (SISO-OFDM) one by one wireless system compared with SIMO-OFDM systems one by two, and, four receive antennas, with quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) digital modulation scheme, over AWGN channel and frequency selective fading channel. The results confirm that the performance of SIMO-OFDM is significantly improved compared with conventional SISO-OFDM system. Moreover, the results also confirm that when CL greater than CP leads to error floor at high SNR. Furthermore, SIMO-OFDM (1Tx, 4Rx) improves BER performance significantly and mitigates ISI effectively.
Influence of Initial Backoff Contention Window on Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
With current advances in technology, wireless networks are increasing in popularity. Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANETs) is a collection of mobile nodes connected with wireless links. MANET has no fixed topology as the nodes are moving constantly form one place to another place. In Ad-hoc networks, nodes can perform several actions like sending packets, forwarding packets, responding to routing messages, sending recommendations among others. The set of performed actions define the node’s behavior. All the nodes must cooperate with each other in order to route the packets. A routing protocol is used to find routes between mobile nodes to preserve data integrity, delivery, throughput, delay, packet loss for trust management in mobile Ad-hoc networks. This paper discusses the influence of the backoff initial contention windows algorithm and better performance based on metrics such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, average end- to-end delay and total energy consumption by using the network simulator (NS-2).
Measuring Turbidity of Water Based Photo Voltaic Cell and Laser Light
This paper presents on the design and development of laser beam to measure turbidity of water and liquids. The method is done by applying laser beam on three samples (pure water, water with some milk and water with some juice), and measuring the residual of laser beam which penetrated through the sample. This penetrated beam was measured by a photo voltaic solar which received it and produced a very small voltage as an output proportional to the penetrated beam intensity. The produced voltage was read and calibrated to give NTU reading according to a sensor (photo voltaic solar) output is considered as an input to the control program. The controller which control and monitor the turbidity of selected samples was done by using Lab VIEW and Arduino board as an interface. 18 samples were tested, and only 9 samples were calibrated. The experimental results were satisfied and the proposed method achieved the paper objects with acceptable error ± 1.4%.
Design and Implementation of Closely Spaced MIMO Antennas Zeroth-Order Resonator Antenna (ZORA) with Enhancement Isolation
A high isolation multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) antenna with closely spaced was presented. This antenna was designed for the purpose of MIMO wireless application. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two antennas, each operates at 2.5 GHz. The MIMO antenna system elements on a single low-cost FR4 substrate of a compact size of 47.36 mm × 29 mm and is fed by a 50 Ω microstrip. A prototype band WiMAX antenna performance was examined. The results showed that the antenna has at 2.5 GHz a reflection coefficient better than -40 dB. As a new approach, the reduction of mutual coupling depends on current cancellation between two antennas. The proposed antenna achieved better than -30 dB isolation between the two inputs. In addition, high isolation between the antenna elements and the small spacing between antenna elements, the proposed antenna has compact size reduction of approximately 60% compared to conventional patch antennas operating at the same frequency.
multiple-input multiple-output antenna (MIMO)
Self-Checking Decoder Using Hardware Redundancy
A binary decoder is a combinational circuit that converts binary information from n input lines to maximum of 2n unique output lines. But there is no guaranty that the decoder always produce the correct output due to some types of faults. The characteristics of these types of faults render them undetectable by standard test strategies. The detection of intermittent faults requires the use of Concurrent Error Detection technique, which continuously monitors the operation of circuits and compares them with some known reference. Concurrent Error Detection is an important technique in the design of system in which dependability and data integrity are important. This can be achieved by incorporating some form of redundancy into the system. One method of implementing Concurrent Error Detection in Very Large Scale Integrated circuit is through the use of hardware redundancy. This paper investigates the use of hardware redundancy into unchecked system as a mean of incorporating Concurrent Error Detection into a self- checking binary decoder.
Performance Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for WLAN and LTE 4G Technologies
In this paper, array microstrip patch antenna are designed and analyzed for WLAN and LTE 4G technologies, which operating at S- band frequency. Design simulation and optimization processes are carried out with the HFSS and MATLAB software. Antenna arrays are used to achieve higher gain. The larger the number of antenna elements is better the gain of antenna array would be achieved. A propose multiple elements antenna array topology of microstrip patches for use in wireless applications is introduced in this paper. The Active element pattern technique is applied for analyzing microstrip array, which reduces analysis problem and computation. The operating frequency range is from 1 to 3 GHz. The array is mounted on a low-cost FR4 substrate and is fed by a standard 50 Ohm coaxial feed. The simulation of the proposed antenna has been carried out using Ansoft HFSS and MATLAB software.
Microstrip Patch antenna, Return Loss (S)
Provided Mathematics and Engineering Formulae sheets for exams: Good or poor Approach?
Over a very long time the debate about using Mathematics/Engineering formulae sheet/booklet as an aid during assessments, tests and exams has become an ongoing issue and there seems to be an everlasting discussion about it. Some teachers/lecturers make memorizing formulas and fact sheets obligatory and oppose any type of "aids" in any form during tests and exams. Other colleges/university/teachers do allow for the use of only complicated expressions, formulae and equations. However, students are expected to understand these formulae and their application as well as other simple and basic formulae that may not be provided during exams. After an extensive search and consulting many Mathematics/Engineering formula booklets, one has been found that could be readily adapted for use in Engineering colleges and Universities.
Optimising Efficiency and Gain of UHF-RFID Tag with Increased Read Range
Radio frequency identification (RFID) has become one of the fastest growing wireless technologies. An RFID system is a real-time processor that enables the information stored on a tag to be tracked and exchanged remotely with an RFID reader. The goal of this paper is to present the investigations and design of RFID antenna for applications as a tag in the UHF band ranging from 860 to 960 MHz. The antenna models presented are based on a triangle shape design with good gain that is designed and analyzed. To obtain an optimum peak gain, the effects of slots are investigated. The physical parameters of the novel structure as well as its partial ground plane are analyzed and optimized using Ansoft HFSS simulation software package and MATLAB. Return loss (S11), directivity and gain are carried out. The results show that the proposed antenna has good impedance and radiation characteristics over the required UHF bandwidth. The return loss of the optimized antenna is below 10 dB over the UHF frequency band and increase read range about 12.77 m. The proposed antenna is very promising for various modern communication applications.
High Frequency structure simulation (HFSS)
Review of Image Processing Techniques to Diagnose Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the emerging causes of death all over the world , stenosis is a condition related to the narrowing of a vessel or artery. Medical images processing have become increasingly used within the framework of medical care from the diagnose to treatment. As known the segmentation and accuracy of the algorithm lead to successful diagnoses of the images. This paper concerned with detection of Coronary Artery stenosis by proposing three different image processing algorithms, Cuckoo’s algorithm , Hassian based Frangi Vesselness Filter and Fuzzy C-mean clustering algorithm. 15 patient images has been chosen to carry out the experimental study. Then the performance and the effectiveness of the three different methods evaluated and compared using Receiver operating characteristic chart based on the conditional probabilities sensitivity and specificity.
Bandwidth Enhancement of a Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna for Different Wireless Applications
The performance and advantages of microstrip patch antennas such as low weight, low profile, and low cost made them the perfect choice for communication engineers. Current technological trend has focused much more attention towards microstrip patch antennas, but it has little drawbacks like low gain, low efficiency, low directivity and narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Its bandwidth is limited to a few percentage which is not enough for most of the wireless communication systems nowadays. One of the challenges in antenna design for modern wireless communication system is to construct a single antenna that can serve a non-contagious frequency allocation using various wireless technologies. In this paper, a wideband antenna design approach is proposed to produce a single antenna that can be used by various wireless technologies using different frequencies from 2 to 8.2 GHz, covering 2.1 GHz for 4G-LTE, WiFi frequencies at 2.4-2.5 GHz, 5-5.35 GHz and 5,7-5,8 GHz, as well as WiMax frequencies at 2.3-2.4 GHz, 2.4-2.6 GHz, 3.3-3.8 GHz, and 5.25-5.85 GHz. The antenna construction consists of a truncated patch with a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed line, printed on an 1.6 mm thick of FR4 dielectric substrate with permittivity εr=4.4. The simulation results of proposed antenna are based on the reflection coefficient and radiation pattern. A fractional bandwidth of 196.6% from 1.6 to 7.5 GHz and Omni- directional radiation pattern. The simulation of this antenna has been performed by using Ansoft HFSS.
Investigation of Threats for Common Network Attacks
Security in computer networks and Internet have serious implications in today’s dynamic work environment. Therefore, security mechanisms and policies must be followed and studied continually by investigating the techniques and sophisticated tools for protecting assets of essential network security, which is always required and important for any organization to maintain the confidentiality, integrity and to ensure availability of data. In this context, computer networks needed to be tested and audited against any possible attacks and analyzing the existing vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a penetration testing model to evaluate and analyze the vulnerabilities and weaknesses of four VMware workstations. We have studied and implemented three attacks using nmap, nessus, and metasploit tools were. The studied attacks include denial of service, backdoor, and man in the middle. The obtained results showed that vulnerabilities were exist in Windows 8, Windows 10, and Windows XP, and hence the proper countermeasures were found and reported to keep such systems secure.
A Fast Converging and Robust Stability of Acoustic Echo Cancellation using Adaptive Filter
In this paper we introduce an Acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) based on an adaptive algorithms to design the adaptive filtering. The main aim in hands-free telephony and in teleconference systems is to provide a good free voice quality when two or more people communicate from different places. The problem that arises during the conversation is often due to acoustic echo. This problem will cause a bad quality of voice signal. Acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) is common in modern telecommunication systems, and it is one of the most popular applications of adaptive filters. This paper focuses on the use of filtering as LMS algorithms to reduce this unwanted echo. The results indicate that the LMS is the simplest to implement and is stable when the step size parameter is selected appropriately. For large step size, a moderate large value of leads to faster convergence but if step size is too high, it leads to instability of LMS and erroneous results. In this paper we propose the robust technique is referred to based diagonal loading (DL). The performance evaluation of the robust adaptive filter using diagonal loading provides faster speed of convergence among other variable step size algorithms while retaining the same small level of misadjustment and the mean square error is almost similar to that of the (fixed step size least mean square) DL-LMS algorithm under similar conditions. more robust variant of the LMS algorithm, exhibits a better balance between simplicity and performance than the pure LMS algorithm.