Comparative Evaluation of Control Techniques for a Ball and Beam System Using LabVIEW

الملخص

This paper presents a comparative study of different control strategies applied to the Ball and Beam system which is inherently nonlinear and open-loop unstable and the system was mathematically modeled and linearized to derive its transfer function and four controllers were designed and evaluated namely a PID controller using the Ziegler–Nichols method a PID controller using the Tyreus–Luyben method an Internal Model Control-based PID controller and a Fuzzy Logic Controller and all controllers were implemented and simulated in LabVIEW to ensure consistent and reliable performance evaluation and they were compared using time-domain performance indicators including rise time settling time overshoot and steady-state error and simulation results showed that conventional PID controllers could stabilize the system but exhibited high overshoot and long settling times with the Tyreus–Luyben PID outperforming the Ziegler–Nichols PID in response speed and overall performance while the IMC-PID controller achieved zero overshoot and rapid settling and the Fuzzy Logic Controller provided smooth and stable response without requiring an accurate mathematical model.